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Characteristics of deep and surface approaches to learning

Simplified copy taken 18 Feb 2003 from a paper on the Oxford site.

Version 1

Approach to Learning
DeepSurface
An intention to understand material for oneself An intention simply to reproduce parts of the content
Vigorous and critical interaction with knowledge content Ideas and information accepted passively
Relating ideas to one's previous knowledge and experience Concentrating only on what is required for assessment
Discovering and using organizing principles to integrate ideas Not reflecting on purpose or strategies
Relating evidence to conclusions Memorising facts and procedures routinely
Examining the logic of arguments Failing to distinguish guiding principles or patterns

Version 2

  Orientation Characteristics
Deep approach Knowledge transforming An intention to understand material for oneself
 
Vigorous and critical interaction with knowledge content
 
Relating ideas to one's previous knowledge and experience
 
Discovering and using organizing principles to integrate ideas
 
Relating evidence to conclusions
 
Examining the logic of arguments
Surface approach Information reproducing An intention simply to reproduce parts of the content
 
Ideas and information accepted passively
 
Concentrating only on what is required for assessment
 
Not reflecting on purpose or strategies
 
Memorising facts and procedures routinely
 
Failing to distinguish guiding principles or patterns