The sequence of activities in Peer Instruction and in class-wide discussion; originally presented in Nicol and Boyd (2003).

"Peer Instruction":
Mazur Sequence
"Class-wide Discussion":
Dufresne (PERG) Sequence
  1. Concept question posed.
  2. Individual Thinking: students given time to think individually (1-2 minutes).
  3. [voting] Students provide individual responses.
  4. Students receive feedback -- poll of responses presented as histogram display.
  5. Small group Discussion: students instructed to convince their neighbours that they have the right answer.
  6. Retesting of same concept.
    [voting] Students provide individual responses (revised answer).
  7. Students receive feedback -- poll of responses presented as histogram display.
  8. Lecturer summarises and explains "correct" response.
  1. Concept question posed.
  2. Small group discussion: small groups discuss the concept question (3-5 mins).
  3. [voting] Students provide individual or group responses.
  4. Students receive feedback -- poll of responses presented as histogram display.
  5. Class-wide discussion: students explain their answers and listen to the explanations of others (facilitated by tutor).
  6. Lecturer summarises and explains "correct" response.